Overview

Blood pressure is the force that pushes your blood against your blood vessel walls, allowing it to travel through your body. This pressure is generated by your heart and maintained by the strength of your blood vessel walls.

If your blood pressure gets too low, the blood will not circulate properly, and you may feel lightheaded and dizzy and even faint. High blood pressure does not usually have symptoms, but it will have long term negative effects on the health of your heart and overall health, which is why it is important to manage your blood pressure and keep it in normal range.

Diagnosis

Regular high blood pressure is assessed as being less than 120/80 mmHg, but above 90/60 mmHg. While anything above 120/80 mmHg is considered elevated,

Hypertension (high blood pressure) will be diagnosed once your blood pressure reaches a level of anything greater than 130/80 mmHg. The severity of this high blood pressure is then based on your specific blood pressure readings anywhere from 130/80 mm Hg (stage 1) to 180/160 (stage 3 – anything this level or higher is considered a medical emergency and you should seek medical attention immediately).

Medications

High blood pressure should be managed with medication and lifestyle changes. Lifestyle changes can include increased exercise, eating a healthy balanced diet, decreasing sodium intake, and maintaining a healthy body weight. While these modifications can help prevent further exacerbation of your high blood pressure, medication management is almost always required in addition in order to control your current high blood pressure back to a normal baseline.

Medications for High Blood Pressure

There are five main types of blood pressure stabilizing medications, all of which can be explained more in depth below:

• Angiotensin-converting enzyme Inhibitors (ACEIs)

  Angiotensin (an-gee-oh-ten-sin)-converting enzyme is part of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS): a hormone system that controls blood pressure. ACE converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II, which causes blood vessels to constrict therefore increasing blood pressure. ACE inhibitors blocks angiotensin I from producing angiotensin II, resulting in vasodilation (widening of your blood vessels).

• Calcium channel blockers (CCBs)

  Calcium channel blockers decrease the amount of calcium that enter the heart and blood vessel walls. This relaxes the blood vessels and makes it easier for the heart to pump resulting in decreased blood pressure.

• Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs)

  ARBs reduce your blood pressure by preventing the action of angiotensin II. Angiotensin II is a hormone that make your blood vessels narrow/constrict. High blood pressure and inadequate kidney blood flow may result from this constriction. Angiotensin II can also cause salt and water retention in your body, which further increases your blood pressure.

• Diuretics

  Diuretics (water pills) help the kidney to excrete more sodium into urine. They are used to treat high blood pressure, heart failure, edema, liver failure, kidney disorders and glaucoma.
  
  There are three major types of diuretics: loop, thiazide and potassium sparing diuretics.

• Beta-blockers

  Your body uses adrenaline and noradrenaline to activate your “fight-or-flight” response, which is designed to keep you safe during threatening scenarios. You may experience rapid heartbeat, high blood pressure, excessive sweating, anxiety, and heart palpitations if your body produces high adrenaline levels.
  
  By hindering the release of these hormones, beta-blockers reduce the stress placed on your heart and the force of heart muscle contractions. As a result, the blood vessels in your heart, brain, and the rest of your body are relieved of that pressure.

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